Individuals working in wastewater must be immunized for which of the following?

Individuals working in wastewater must be immunized for tetanus due to the potential exposure to contaminated materials and the environment typical in wastewater facilities. Tetanus is caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which can enter the body through cuts or wounds that come into contact with contaminated soil or instruments. Given the nature of wastewater operations, workers are at a higher risk of injuries that could introduce tetanus spores into the body.

Maintaining immunization against tetanus helps to ensure that individuals are protected from this serious illness, which can lead to severe muscle stiffness and spasms. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that adults receive a tetanus booster shot every ten years to maintain immunity.

While hepatitis A, typhoid, and influenza vaccinations are important for certain groups or situations, they are not universally required for all wastewater workers. The focus on tetanus reflects the specific hazards associated with the wastewater environment.