The primary purpose of check valves is to prevent?

The primary purpose of check valves is to prevent water from flowing in two directions. This is essential in various piping systems, especially in wastewater treatment, where it's crucial to maintain the intended flow direction. Check valves operate automatically and ensure that fluid can only flow one way, which helps prevent backflow. Backflow can lead to contamination of water supplies, system inefficiencies, and potential damage to pumps and other equipment.

While some of the other options relate to issues within a piping system, they do not describe the main function of check valves. For example, preventing leaks in pipes generally involves proper sealing and maintenance rather than the function of a check valve. Similarly, overpressurization and corrosion are addressed through different types of valves and system designs, rather than the specific role of a check valve. Thus, the capability to stop backflow is the defining feature that underlines the necessity of check valves in many fluid transport systems.